From 26d191048832fca6e26fc2083146d2111cee57ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: craisin Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 19:04:18 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] vault backup: 2026-05-06 19:04:18 --- ... Equations - Seperable Kernel Technique.md | 81 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 81 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Fredholm Equations - Seperable Kernel Technique.md diff --git a/Fredholm Equations - Seperable Kernel Technique.md b/Fredholm Equations - Seperable Kernel Technique.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2531436 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fredholm Equations - Seperable Kernel Technique.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +#Calculus +# Problem +$$ +\Psi(x) = f(x) + \lambda \int _0^1 (1 + xy)\Psi(y)dy +$$ +**A.** Given $f(x) = x$, $\lambda = 1$, find $\Psi$ +**B.** Given $f(x) = 0$, find eigenvalues $\lambda$ and corresponding eigenfunctions $\Psi$ +# Solutions +## Part A +$$ +\Psi(x) = x + \int _0^1 (1 + xy)\Psi(y)dy +$$ +Set the kernel as $K(x, y) = 1 + xy$, $C_y = \int _0^1 K(x, y)\Psi(y)dy$: +$$ +C_y = \int _0^1 K(x, y)\Psi(y)dy +$$ +$$ +C_y = \int _0^1 K(x, y)(x + C_y)dy +$$ +$$ +C_y = (x + C_y) \int _0^1 K(x, y) dy +$$ +$$ +C_y = (x + C_y)(1 + \frac x 2) +$$ +$$ +-\frac {C_yx} 2 = x + \frac {x^2} 2 +$$ +$$ +C_y = - 2 - x +$$ +Therefore: +$$ +\Psi(x) = -2 +$$ +## Part B +$$ +\Psi(x) = \lambda \int _0^1 (1 + xy)\Psi(y)dy +$$ +$$ +\Psi(x) = \lambda(\int _0^1 \Psi(y) dy + x\int _0^1 y\Psi(y)dy) +$$ +Let $C_y = \int _0^1 \Psi (y) dy$, $S_y = \int _0^1 y \Psi(y) dy$: +Equation 1: +$$ +C_y = \lambda \int _0^1 (C_y + yS_y) dy +$$ +$$ +C_y = \lambda (C_y + \frac 1 2 S_y) +$$ +$$ +C_y = \frac {\lambda S_y} {2(1 - \lambda)} +$$ +Equation 2: +$$S_y = \lambda \int _0^1 y(C_y + yS_y) dy$$ +$$S_y = \lambda (\frac 1 2 C_y + \frac 1 3 S_y)$$ +$$ +S_y = \frac {\frac \lambda 2 C_y} {1 - \frac \lambda 3} +$$ +$$S_y = \frac {3\lambda C_y} {2(3 - \lambda)}$$ +Substituting: +$$ +C_y = \frac {\lambda} {2(1 - \lambda)} \cdot \frac {3\lambda C_y} {6 - 2\lambda} +$$ +$$ +C_y = \frac {3\lambda^2} {4(1 - \lambda)(3 - \lambda)} C_y +$$ +$$ +1 = \frac {3\lambda^2} {4(1 - \lambda)(3 - \lambda)} +$$ +$$4(1 - \lambda)(3 - \lambda) = 3\lambda^2$$ +$$ +\lambda^2 - 16\lambda + 12 = 0 +$$ +$$ +\lambda = 8 \pm 2\sqrt{13} +$$ +Substitute in for eigenfunctions! +# Notes +- [Reference](https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~baring/phys516/phys516_2021_lec_042921.pdf) used to figure out Fredholm equations and kernel integration +- This was part of a really old final from SJSU! Thank you Mr. A, this was a very cool problem :D \ No newline at end of file